src/Engine/Engine.vcxproj

@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@
   </ImportGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
-    <IncludePath>$(OPENGL_LIBS)\assimp;$(OPENGL_LIBS)\glad\include;$(OPENGL_LIBS)\glfw\include;$(OPENGL_LIBS)\glm;$(IncludePath)</IncludePath>
+    <IncludePath>T:\Privat\Daniel\Selfmade\libraries\glad\include;T:\Privat\Daniel\Selfmade\libraries\glfw\include;$(IncludePath)</IncludePath>
-    <LibraryPath>$(OPENGL_LIBS)\glfw\lib;$(LibraryPath)</LibraryPath>
+    <LibraryPath>T:\Privat\Daniel\Selfmade\libraries\glfw\lib;$(LibraryPath)</LibraryPath>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
     <IncludePath>$(OPENGL_LIBS)\glm;C:\Users\Daniel\Documents\SelfmadeProgramme\libraries\glad\include;C:\Users\Daniel\Documents\SelfmadeProgramme\libraries\glfw\include;$(IncludePath)</IncludePath>
@@ -151,8 +151,6 @@
     </CopyFileToFolders>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ClInclude Include="lights\directionalLight.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="lights\pointLight.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="object\game_object.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="util\camera\camera.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="Exceptions\IOException.h" />
@@ -169,8 +167,6 @@
   <ItemGroup>
     <Image Include="images\awesomeface.png" />
     <Image Include="images\container.jpg" />
-    <Image Include="images\container2.png" />
-    <Image Include="images\container2_specular.png" />
     <Image Include="images\wall.jpg" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>

src/Engine/Engine.vcxproj.filters

@@ -65,12 +65,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="vertices.h">
       <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="lights\directionalLight.h">
-      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="lights\pointLight.h">
-      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <CopyFileToFolders Include="Shaders\default\default.frag" />
@@ -88,12 +82,6 @@
     <Image Include="images\awesomeface.png">
       <Filter>Resource Files</Filter>
     </Image>
-    <Image Include="images\container2.png">
-      <Filter>Resource Files</Filter>
-    </Image>
-    <Image Include="images\container2_specular.png">
-      <Filter>Resource Files</Filter>
-    </Image>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <None Include="shaders\default\simple.vert" />

src/Engine/lights/directionalLight.h

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <glm/glm.hpp>
-#include "../shaders/Shader.h"
-
-namespace Nebulix 
-{
-
-struct DirectionalLight
-{
-public:
-	DirectionalLight(glm::vec3 direction, glm::vec3 ambient, glm::vec3 diffuse, glm::vec3 specular)
-		: direction{ direction }, ambient{ambient}, diffuse{diffuse}, specular{specular}
-	{
-	}
-
-	/**
-	Sets the values of a directional light in the shader
-	name: The name of the variable in the shader. Needs to be a struct with the same components as this struct
-	shader: The shader to set the values of
-	*/
-	void SetLight(std::string name, Shader& shader) 
-	{
-		shader.SetFloat(name + ".direction", direction);
-
-		shader.SetFloat(name + ".ambient", ambient);
-		shader.SetFloat(name + ".diffuse", diffuse);
-		shader.SetFloat(name + ".specular", specular);
-	}
-
-	glm::vec3 direction;
-
-	glm::vec3 ambient;
-	glm::vec3 diffuse;
-	glm::vec3 specular;
-};
-
-}

src/Engine/lights/pointLight.h

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <glm/glm.hpp>
-#include "../shaders/Shader.h"
-
-namespace Nebulix
-{
-
-struct PointLight
-{
-public:
-	PointLight(glm::vec3 &position, glm::vec3 &ambient, glm::vec3 &diffuse, glm::vec3 specular, float linear = 0.09f, float quadratic = 0.032f, float constant = 1.0f)
-		: position{position}, ambient{ambient}, diffuse{diffuse}, specular{specular}, linear{linear}, quadratic{quadratic}, constant{constant}
-	{
-	}
-
-	/**
-	Sets the values of a spot light in the shader
-	name: The name of the variable in the shader. Needs to be a struct with the same components as this struct
-	shader: The shader to set the values of
-	*/
-	void SetLight(std::string name, Shader &shader)
-	{
-		shader.SetFloat(name + ".position", position);
-
-		shader.SetFloat(name + ".constant", constant);
-		shader.SetFloat(name + ".linear", linear);
-		shader.SetFloat(name + ".quadratic", quadratic);
-
-		shader.SetFloat(name + ".ambient", ambient);
-		shader.SetFloat(name + ".diffuse", diffuse);
-		shader.SetFloat(name + ".specular", specular);
-	}
-
-	glm::vec3 position;
-
-	float constant;
-	float linear;
-	float quadratic;
-
-	glm::vec3 ambient;
-	glm::vec3 diffuse;
-	glm::vec3 specular;
-};
-
-}

src/Engine/main.cpp

@@ -12,14 +12,13 @@
 #include "util/stb_image.h"
 #include "util/camera/camera.h"
 #include "object/game_object.h"
-#include "lights/directionalLight.h"
-#include "lights/pointLight.h"
 
 #include "vertices.h"
 
-// Continue: https://learnopengl.com/Model-Loading/Mesh
+// Continue: https://learnopengl.com/Lighting/Materials
 // Chapter: Not yet started
 //
+// TODO: look at project->properties->VC++ Directories-> change everything to the Environment var
 // For the "real" Nebulix Engine setup everything so it can be compiled/used with VSCode/CLion and not just VS 
 // (so basically having an "external" folder which has open gl, GLAD, GLM, stb_image etc. in it or something like this)
 
@@ -147,12 +146,6 @@ int main()
 		vec3(1.5f,  0.2f, -1.5f),
 		vec3(-1.3f,  1.0f, -1.5f)
 	};
-	std::vector<vec3> pointLightPositions = {
-		vec3(0.7f,  0.2f,  2.0f),
-		vec3(2.3f, -3.3f, -4.0f),
-		vec3(-4.0f,  2.0f, -12.0f),
-		vec3(0.0f,  0.0f, -3.0f)
-	};
 
 
 	std::string lightingVertexPath = "shaders/default/default.vert", lampVertexPath = "shaders/default/simple.vert";
@@ -174,35 +167,20 @@ int main()
 	}
 	glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
 	
-	Texture2D diffuseMap("images/container2.png", GL_RGBA);
+	// TEXTURES
-	Texture2D specularMap("images/container2_specular.png", GL_RGBA);
+	//Texture2D containerImage("images/container.jpg");
-
+	//Texture2D faceImage("images/awesomeface.png", 0, GL_RGBA);
-	std::vector<float> objVerts(std::begin(vertices_cube_normals), std::end(vertices_cube_normals));
+	
-	std::vector<float> lightVerts(std::begin(vertices_cube_normals), std::end(vertices_cube_normals));
+	std::vector<float> verts(std::begin(vertices_cube_normals), std::end(vertices_cube_normals));
-	std::vector<Nebulix::VertexAttribute> objVertexAttribs = { Nebulix::VertexAttribute(), Nebulix::VertexAttribute(), Nebulix::VertexAttribute(2) };
+	std::vector<Nebulix::VertexAttribute> vertexAttribs = { Nebulix::VertexAttribute(), Nebulix::VertexAttribute() };
-	std::vector<Nebulix::VertexAttribute> lightVertexAttribs = { Nebulix::VertexAttribute()};
+	Nebulix::GameObject cube(verts, vertexAttribs);
-	Nebulix::GameObject cube(objVerts, objVertexAttribs);
 	vec3 lightPosition = glm::vec3(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
-	Nebulix::GameObject lightBulb(lightVerts, objVertexAttribs, lightPosition, glm::vec3(0.2f));
+	Nebulix::GameObject lightBulb(verts, vertexAttribs, lightPosition, glm::vec3(0.2f));
 
-	auto allObjects = std::vector<Nebulix::GameObject>();
+	std::vector<Nebulix::GameObject> allObjects = std::vector<Nebulix::GameObject>();
 	allObjects.push_back(cube);
 	allObjects.push_back(lightBulb);
 
-	vec3 diffuseColour = vec3(1.0f);
-	vec3 ambientColour = diffuseColour * vec3(0.1f);
-
-	Nebulix::DirectionalLight dirLight(vec3(-0.2f, -1.0f, -0.3f), ambientColour, vec3(0.4f), vec3(0.5f));
-	auto pointLights = std::vector<Nebulix::PointLight>();
-	Nebulix::PointLight pLight1(pointLightPositions[0], ambientColour, diffuseColour, vec3(1.0f));
-	Nebulix::PointLight pLight2(pointLightPositions[1], ambientColour, diffuseColour, vec3(1.0f));
-	Nebulix::PointLight pLight3(pointLightPositions[2], ambientColour, diffuseColour, vec3(1.0f));
-	Nebulix::PointLight pLight4(pointLightPositions[3], ambientColour, diffuseColour, vec3(1.0f));
-	pointLights.push_back(pLight1);
-	pointLights.push_back(pLight2);
-	pointLights.push_back(pLight3);
-	pointLights.push_back(pLight4);
-
 	// main loop
 	while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
 	{
@@ -220,70 +198,31 @@ int main()
 		for (size_t i = 0; i < allShaders.size(); i++)
 		{
 			auto shader = allShaders[i];
-			glm::mat4 model = allObjects[i].GetModelMatrix();
+			auto model = allObjects[i].GetModelMatrix();
 
+			if(i == 0)
+			{
+				float angle = 20.0f * currentFrameTime;
+				model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
+			}
 
 			shader->Use();
 			shader->SetMatrix("viewMatrix", cam.GetViewMatrix()); // more or less the camera
 			shader->SetMatrix("projectionMatrix", projectionMatrix);
+			//shader->SetMatrix("modelMatrix", allObjects[i].GetModelMatrix());
 			shader->SetMatrix("modelMatrix", model);
 		}
 
 		lighting->Use();
-		lighting->SetInt("material.diffuseMap", 0);
+		lighting->SetFloat("lightColour", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
-		lighting->SetInt("material.specularMap", 1);
+		lighting->SetFloat("objectColour", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
-		lighting->SetFloat("material.specularColour", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
+		lighting->SetFloat("lightPosition", lightPosition);
-		lighting->SetFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);
-
-		dirLight.SetLight("dirLight", *lighting.get());
-		for (size_t i = 0; i < pointLights.size(); i++)
-		{
-			pointLights[i].SetLight("pointLights[" + std::to_string(i) + "]", *lighting.get());
-		}
-
-		//lighting->SetFloat("spotLight.ambientIntensity", ambientColour);
-		//lighting->SetFloat("spotLight.diffuseIntensity", diffuseColour);
-		//lighting->SetFloat("spotLight.specularIntensity", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
-		//lighting->SetFloat("spotLight.position", cam.Position);
-		//lighting->SetFloat("spotLight.direction", cam.Front);
-		//lighting->SetFloat("spotLight.cutOffAngle", glm::cos(glm::radians(12.5f)));
-		//lighting->SetFloat("spotLight.outerCutOffAngle", glm::cos(glm::radians(20.0f)));
 		lighting->SetFloat("viewPosition", cam.Position);
-		//lighting->SetFloat("spotLight.constant", 1.0f);
-		//lighting->SetFloat("spotLight.linear", 0.09f);
-		//lighting->SetFloat("spotLight.quadratic", 0.032f);
-
-		diffuseMap.BindTexture();
-		specularMap.BindTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
 
 		for (size_t i = 0; i < allObjects.size(); i++)
 		{
 			allShaders[i]->Use();
-
+			allObjects[i].Draw();
-			if (i == 0)
-			{
-				for (size_t j = 0; j < 10; j++)
-				{
-					allObjects[i].Position = cubePositions[j];
-					glm::mat4 model = allObjects[i].GetModelMatrix();
-					float angle = 20.0f * j;// * currentFrameTime;
-					model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
-					
-					allShaders[i]->SetMatrix("modelMatrix", model);
-					allObjects[i].Draw();
-				}
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				for (size_t j = 0; j < 4; j++)
-				{
-					allObjects[i].Position = pointLightPositions[j];
-					glm::mat4 model = allObjects[i].GetModelMatrix();
-					
-					allShaders[i]->SetMatrix("modelMatrix", model);
-					allObjects[i].Draw();
-				}
-			}
 		}
 
 		glfwSwapBuffers(window);

src/Engine/object/game_object.h

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ namespace Nebulix
 			glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer);
 		}
 
-		// NOTE: This method will not call "Shader.Use()" and will not set any properties.
+		// NOTE: This method will not call "Shader.Use()" but will not set any properties.
 		// This is because I do not know the names and values of the properties. Most likely this will be possible after learning about materials
 		void Draw()
 		{

src/Engine/shaders/default/default.frag

@@ -1,128 +1,28 @@
 #version 330 core
-
-#define NR_POINT_LIGHTS 4
-
-struct Material {
-	sampler2D diffuseMap;
-	sampler2D specularMap;
-	float shininess;
-};
-struct SpotLight {
-	vec3 position;
-	vec3 direction;
-	float cutOffAngle;
-	float outerCutOffAngle;
-  
-	vec3 ambient;
-	vec3 diffuse;
-	vec3 specular;
-
-	float constant;
-	float linear;
-	float quadratic;
-};
-
-struct DirectionalLight {
-	vec3 direction;
-
-	vec3 ambient;
-	vec3 diffuse;
-	vec3 specular;
-};
-struct PointLight {
-	vec3 position;
-
-	float constant;
-	float linear;
-	float quadratic;
-
-	vec3 ambient;
-	vec3 diffuse;
-	vec3 specular;
-};
-
 out vec4 FragColor;
 
-uniform vec3 viewPosition;
+uniform vec3 lightColour, objectColour;
-uniform Material material;
+uniform vec3 lightPosition, viewPosition;
-uniform DirectionalLight dirLight;
-uniform PointLight pointLights[NR_POINT_LIGHTS];
-uniform SpotLight spotLight;
 
-in vec2 TexCoords;
+in vec3 FragmentPos;
-in vec3 FragPos;
 in vec3 Normal;
 
-vec3 CalculateDirectionalLight(DirectionalLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 viewDir)
-{
-	vec3 lightDir = normalize(-light.direction);
-
-	float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);
-
-	vec3 reflectionDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);
-	float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectionDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
-
-	vec3 ambient = light.ambient * vec3(texture(material.diffuseMap, TexCoords));
-	vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuseMap, TexCoords));
-	vec3 specular = light.specular * spec * vec3(texture(material.specularMap, TexCoords));
-	
-	return ambient + diffuse + specular;
-}
-
-vec3 CalculatePointLight(PointLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir)
-{
-	vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.position - fragPos);
-
-	float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);
-
-	vec3 reflectionDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);
-	float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectionDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
-
-	float distance = length(light.position - fragPos);
-	float attenuation = 1.0 / (light.constant + light.linear * distance + light.quadratic * (distance * distance));
-
-	vec3 ambientLight = light.ambient * texture(material.diffuseMap, TexCoords).rgb * attenuation;
-	vec3 diffuseLight = light.diffuse * diff * texture(material.diffuseMap, TexCoords).rgb * attenuation;
-	vec3 specularLight = light.specular * spec * texture(material.specularMap, TexCoords).rgb * attenuation;
-
-	return ambientLight + diffuseLight + specularLight;
-}
-
-vec3 CalculateSpotLight(SpotLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir)
-{
-	vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.position - fragPos);
-
-	float theta = dot(lightDir, normalize(-light.direction));
-	float epsilon = light.cutOffAngle - light.outerCutOffAngle;
-	float intensity = clamp((theta - light.outerCutOffAngle) / epsilon, 0.0, 1.0);
-
-	float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);
-
-	vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);
-	float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
-
-	float distance = length(light.position - fragPos);
-	float attenuation = 1.0 / (light.constant + light.linear * distance + light.quadratic * (distance * distance));
-
-	vec3 ambientLight = light.ambient * texture(material.diffuseMap, TexCoords).rgb * attenuation;
-	vec3 diffuseLight = light.diffuse * diff * texture(material.diffuseMap, TexCoords).rgb * attenuation * intensity;
-	vec3 specularLight = light.specular * spec * texture(material.specularMap, TexCoords).rgb * attenuation * intensity;
-
-	return ambientLight + diffuseLight + specularLight;
-}
-
-
 void main()
 {
+	float ambientStrength = 0.1;
+	vec3 ambientLight = lightColour * ambientStrength;
+
 	vec3 normal = normalize(Normal);
-	vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPosition - FragPos);
+	vec3 lightDir = normalize(lightPosition - FragmentPos);
+	float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);
+	vec3 diffuseLight = diff * lightColour;
 
-	vec3 result = CalculateDirectionalLight(dirLight, normal, viewDir);
+	float specularStrength = 0.5;
-	
+	vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPosition - FragmentPos);
-	for(int i = 0; i < NR_POINT_LIGHTS; i++)
+	vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);
-		result += CalculatePointLight(pointLights[i], normal, FragPos, viewDir);
+	float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), 32); // The exponent (here 32) is the shininess of the specular highlight
-
+	vec3 specularLight = specularStrength * spec * lightColour;
-	//result += CalculateSpotLight(spotLight, normal, FragPos, viewDir);
 
+	vec3 result = (ambientLight + diffuseLight + specularLight) * objectColour;
 	FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
 } 

src/Engine/shaders/default/default.vert

@@ -1,22 +1,19 @@
 #version 330 core
 layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
 layout (location = 1) in vec3 normalVector;
-layout (location = 2) in vec2 texCoords;
 
 uniform mat4 modelMatrix;
 uniform mat4 viewMatrix;
 uniform mat4 projectionMatrix;
 
-out vec2 TexCoords;
+out vec3 FragmentPos;
-out vec3 FragPos;
 out vec3 Normal;
 
 void main()
 {
 	// NOTE: inverse() is very costly to calculate, so the normal matrix should be calculated on the CPU and sent over (just like we do with the model matrix)
 	Normal = mat3(transpose(inverse(modelMatrix))) * normalVector;
-	FragPos = vec3((modelMatrix) * vec4(aPos, 1.0));
+	FragmentPos = vec3((modelMatrix) * vec4(aPos, 1.0));
-	TexCoords = texCoords;
 	// note that we read the multiplication from right to left
     gl_Position = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix * modelMatrix * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
 }

src/Engine/textures/Texture2D.h

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public:
 
 
 	// maybe add a parameter for configuring mipmapping
-	Texture2D(std::string pathToTexture, GLenum fileFormat = GL_RGB, int desiredColourChannels = 0)
+	Texture2D(std::string pathToTexture, int desiredColourChannels = 0, GLenum fileFormat = GL_RGB) 
 		: TextureWrapMode{GL_REPEAT}, MinifyingInterpolation{GL_LINEAR}, MagnifyingInterpolation{GL_LINEAR}
 	{
 

src/Engine/vertices.h

@@ -45,49 +45,48 @@ float vertices_cube[] = {
     -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f
 };
 
-float vertices_cube_normals[] = {
+float vertices_cube_normals[] = { // object coordinates; normal vector
-    // positions          // normals           // texture coords
+    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
+     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
-     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
+     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
-     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
+     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
-     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
+    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
-    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
+    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
 
-    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f,
+    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
-     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f,
+     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
-     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f,
+     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
-     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f,
+     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
-    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f,
+    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
-    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f,
+    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
 
-    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
+    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
-    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
+    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
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 };
 
 float vertices_container[] = { // object coordinates, uv-coordinates